PPT - Different Case Management Models
PDF - 7 Vignettes
1. Intensive/Assertive Case Management (ICM) is a community based package of care, aiming to provide long term care for severely mentally ill people who do not require immediate admission. ICM evolved from two original community models of care, Assertive Community Treatment (ACT) and Case Management (CM), where ICM emphasises the importance of small caseload (less than 20) and high intensity input.
A key aspect of this model is that ACT is a team-based approach, characteristically a multi-disciplinary team, including social workers, nurses and psychiatrists, caring exclusively for a defined group of patients (McGrew 1995, Olfson 1990). Team members share responsibility for their clients, so it is common for several members to work together with the same person. Other characteristics of the model are (Stein 1980):
-Provide all necessary care themselves, rather than arranging for it to be provided from other settings
-Provide care at home or in places of work
-Carry low caseloads (usually 10 patients per member)
-Practice ‘assertive outreach’, meaning that they persist in attempts to engage uncooperative clients
-Place particular emphasis on medication compliance
-Provide 24 hour emergency cover
PDF - TOOLKIT FOR INTENSIVE CASE MANAGEMENT HOUSING FIRST MODEL
Guide/Case Examples - Behavioral Health Services for People Who Are Homeless
2. The strengths-based case management model recognizes the value of community services, family, and cross-agency partnerships. It encourages the client to build and nurture informal support networks alongside identifying and accessing formal community services and institutional resources. However, the strengths-based case management model steps away from the perspective that the clinician is the expert on the client’s needs. It encourages the client to take the lead in identifying their own needs, take control over the search for resources and services to address those needs, and view the community as a resource instead of a barrier to success instead.
The model focuses on two principles:
- Providing support for asserting direct control over clients’ search for resources such as housing and employment
-Examining clients’ strengths and assets as the vehicle for resource management.
The distinguishing features of this model are:
-Practitioners implementing strengths-based case management need to continually emphasize strengths throughout their relationships with people.
-The use of assertive outreach
-Client-case manager relationship is important
-Low caseloads to ensure quality provision of service, with an average case load of 15
-Case manager provides direct services and service coordination
-Duration of support is ongoing.
PDF - MANUAL - Strength-Based Case Management
Practice example: Strengths-based approach in assessment
3. The brokerage model is a very brief approach to case management in which case workers attempt to help clients identify their needs and broker supportive services in one or two contacts. This model assumes that a client will voluntarily use needed services once they know they are available, and learn how to access them. This model works best when a client’s biggest challenge is access to services, rather than availability of services.
In a brokerage case management model, the case manager/social worker provides very little direct service to the client. Instead, they serve as a link between a client and community resources. The focus is on assessing needs, planning a service strategy, and connecting clients.
The essential characteristics of this model are:
-The focus of the case manager’s role is on service coordination
-No outreach work is undertaken
-Contact with service users tends to be office based and less intensive
-Average case load is 35
-Duration of support is shorter compared to other models.
PRESENTATION - Brokerage Model
WORKER GUIDE - Case Management Examples
4. In a clinical case management model, a clinical care provider serves as the case manager. Frequently, the case manager is a counselor or therapist. This model recognizes that many clients face barriers to services that reach beyond simple questions of access.
As a clinician, the case manager in a clinical case management model provides direct counseling for a client’s individual concerns. That might include mental health services, addiction recovery support, or treatment for serious or chronic health conditions. When the case manager is also providing clinical services, they may have unique insight into the client’s needs. That increased level of understanding improves the case manager’s ability to identify needed services and connect the client with formal resources in the form of community service providers.
Perhaps more significantly, clinical care providers have a greater ability to encourage the client to connect with informal resources such as family, friends, and peers. That collaboration can increase the client’s willingness and ability to follow through with services.
The clinical case manager is also well-positioned to help the client address social, emotional, and mental barriers to services.
Its distinguishing features include the following:
-The case manager has a therapeutic role and is a role model
-Use of outreach
-Centrality of client-case manager relationship
-Provides direct services and coordination of other services
-Average case-load is 10 people
-Long-term relationship with clients
ARTICLE - Clinical Case Management
PDF - Clinical Case Management Vignette
PDF - RESOURCE - Case Management Practice
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